Atlantic Cod

Gadus morhua

Atlantic Cod
Photo credit: The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk on Flickr

Status

Endangered

Physical 

Atlantic cod is a large heavy-bodied fish with a blunt snout and a catfish-like barbel on the lower jaw. They range in color from yellow-green to red and olive, with speckled patterns around their body except for the belly, which is lighter in color. They also have a lateral line which runs horizontally across the side. Adults can grow up to 51 in (129.5 cm).

 

Image by The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk on Flickr

Habitat

Atlantic cod range from Greenland to North Carolina, found from nearshore coastal waters out to the continental shelf. In the US, they’re most common in Georges Bank and the western Gulf of Maine. Their preferred habitat is cold water near the ocean floor, in areas with rocky slopes and coarse sediment. Cod will migrate between feeding, overwintering, and spawning areas. Juvenile cod are occasionally found in Barnegat Bay.

Feeding 

Atlantic cod are omnivorous and eat a variety of fish and invertebrates. They are one of the top predators in their environment. Larval cod eat krill, copepods, and small crustaceans and fishes.

Uncover Other Inhabitants

UNKNOWN

There is limited data available to quantify Wetland and Riparian Buffer Preservation, or updated data to quantify Wetland Acreage. The BBP has obtained funding and will begin assessment efforts for both targets, in the next few years.

 

 Hard Clam abundance has not been updated since 2012. Recovery of the stock will be guided by the Fishery Management Plan for Hard Clams, which is under development with the NJDEP, BBP, and other organizations. Reclam the Bay and other partners have continued to plant clams for restoration purposes. Continued plantings in strategic locations which maximize survival and reproduction is one strategy to pursue in the coming years. This work can use a model developed by Rutgers with BBP funding which identified areas where planted clams could have the greatest dispersal of their larvae and thus potentially maximally contribute to the recovery of the stock.

 Water Withdrawals were over the target in the 2021 report; USGS has not yet completed its latest update, so a definitive determination of status is not available. However, additional NJDEP data show that it is likely that we continue to not meet the target. Per capita water use has gone down, demonstrating the effectiveness of water-saving appliances and practices, but that decrease has been offset by population gains. 


IN PROGRESS

New maps quantifying Submerged Aquatic Vegetation extent were developed, but poor image clarity resulted in a high degree of uncertainty in the total acreage. NJDEP and Rutgers are working to resolve the uncertainty of these maps, and improve the total acreage estimate. Funding has also been obtained for further research and restoration activities. Several groups are developing potential restoration actions.

The USGS has completed the first phase of its study to identify minimum ecological flows in select Barnegat Bay tributaries. USGS scientists compared streamflow statistics between historical and current time periods to better understand trends in watershed flow conditions. This work provides a foundation for developing ecological flow targets in the Barnegat Bay watershed.  Similar to SAV extent, funding (approximately $450K) has been obtained by the BBP to complete the remaining phases necessary for threshold determination.

 

TARGETS ACHIEVED

No targets can be considered “Achieved” at this time.

 

NOT ACHIEVING

Several Public Swimming Beaches exceeded their safe swimming standards more frequently than during their baseline time period (2016-2018).

While most beaches are routinely safe for swimming, several problematic areas such as Beachwood, Hancock, Windward, and several lake beaches need track-down studies and restoration to pinpoint and address sources of bacteria.

Acres of Approved Shellfish Waters decreased from the last report. While this decrease was small, it represents a loss of previously approved waters. Similar to public beaches, track-down studies and restoration work are needed to pinpoint and address sources of bacteria.

 

Atlantic Cod

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Atlantic Cod
Photo credit: The Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk on Flickr