This document is the second research prospectus developed by the BBP’s Science and Technical Advisory Committee. Consistent with the priority areas identified in the 2012-2016 Strategic Plan, and building on the knowledge gained through the last several years of research, the five main categories of studies detailed in this prospectus are considered critical to advancing our understanding of the bay and monitoring the effectiveness of restoration activities. Addressing the research priorities and remaining data gaps identified in this second prospectus will help ensure our collective commitment to science-based decision-making and guide future actions to protect and restore the bay and its contributing watershed.